In some product classes, Motomaster has created its own sub-brand to distinguish high-end merchandise. ‘Motomaster Eliminator’ identifies premium batteries and power-related products, while ‘Motomaster Roughrider’ is a line of truck tires. ‘Formula 1′ is the name used on premium Motomaster oils and additives.

The Motomaster line has shrunk somewhat in recent years as the store has moved towards brand name products. For example, in early 2003, the line of Motomaster spark plugs was fully discontinued in favour of carrying only brand names such as Champion, NGK and Bosch. In 2004, the Formula 1 line of oil filters was discontinued, and in 2002, the ‘Motomaster 60′ line of batteries was replaced with the more generic ‘Sure Start’. One reason for the graduation reduction of the Motomaster line is the existence of the PartSource chain, of which 63 locations are fully owned and operated by the Canadian Tire Corporation as of May 2007. Though these stores carry many of the same products and share much of their supply chain, there is no formal affiliation between PartSource and Canadian Tire stores.

Although the Motomaster name remains on a wide variety of tires, the selection has shrunk recently. Since 2004, the Sentinel A/S and Touring 160 tires have been discontinued, with no Motomaster replacements expected.

Generally, Motomaster is regarded as the “base” or “starting” quality and price point line.

History

The Snow Foundation is a response to the long association the Snow family has had with the Canberra region, dating back to 1926 when E.R. Snow, the founders’ grandfather, came to Canberra to establish the Capital’s first general store.

The Foundation is the creation of brothers Terry and George Snow who set it up in 1990 with the aim of helping those individuals and organisations that freely gave their time to help the less fortunate live fulfilling lives.Starting with an initial contribution of $1 million, the Foundation has provided financial help to a diverse range of organisations throughout Canberra and the surrounding region.

In 1997 Terry added a further $500,000 to the Foundation, and in 2005 added a further $1 million to enable it to maintain and set up further activities. Since then, he has given substantive donations to the Foundation, meaning the capital value of the Foundation exceeded $3 million in 1997.

In the 15 years since it was established, The Snow Foundation has reached out to help more than 80 different organisations and individuals. The Foundation does not give ‘blanket’ donations but help with the funding of a specific program/treatment/equipment.

“The Snow (Driftmix)” and “The Snow (Out In The Cold)” are remixes by Peter Christopherson. The Snow (Answers Come In Dreams I)” and “The Snow (Answers Come In Dreams II)” are remixes by Jack Dangers. “The Snow (As Pure As?)” was remixed by John Balance and Drew McDowall.

The EP was later combined with Windowpane and released as Windowpane & The Snow.

12″ vinyl

Side A:

1. “The Snow (Driftmix) – 2:35
2. “The Snow (Answers Come In Dreams I)” – 5:47
3. “The Snow (Out In The Cold)” – 7:43

Side B:

1. “The Snow (As Pure As?)” – 6:33
2. “The Snow (Answers Come In Dreams II)” – 5:57
3. “The Snow” – 6:48

CD

1. “The Snow (Driftmix)” – 2:35
2. “The Snow (Answers Come In Dreams I)” – 5:47
3. “The Snow (Out In The Cold)” – 7:43
4. “The Snow (As Pure As?)” – 6:33
5. “The Snow (Answers Come In Dreams II)” – 5:57
6. “The Snow” – 6:48

Production car tires typically develop this maximum lateral force at a slip angle of 6-10 degrees, although this angle increases as the vertical load on the tire increases. Milliken, W.F., Milliken, D.L., 1995, “Race Car Vehicle Dynamics”, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Warrendale, PA. page 27. Formula 1 car tires may reach a peak sideforce at 3 degrees Wright P., 2001, “Formula 1 Technology”, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Warrendale, PA.

Example

As an example, here is data extracted from Milliken and Milliken’s “Race Car Vehicle Dynamics”, figure 2.9:

The same sensitivity is typically seen in the longitudinal forces, and combined lateral and longitudinal slip.

Comparison

Snow is similar to Tarkin, Dirac, and numerous other wavelet-using codecs.

Technical details can be found in the snow.txt file included in the ffmpeg source package.

Programs Using Snow

The following open-source video editing programs can encode to Snow format:

• Avidemux
• LiVES
• MeGUI
• VirtualDubMod with ffdshow tryouts
• MEncoder

The parade lap is best-known for its use in Formula One and other Formula sports. In Formula sports, the parade lap is often important as it allows the cars to warm up their tires, which is crucial in order to be competitive during the race. Drivers will often attempt to warm up the tires more quickly during the lap, by steering slowly from side to side.

The term may also be applied to a row of any other material such as snow[1]. In the case of snow, windrows are created by snow plows as they plow streets. The windrow may block driveways. Some municipalities have windrow removal service where a smaller plow goes to each individual driveway to clear the windrow. Most cities simply make the home owner clear the windrow to their own driveway.
A few cities will plow the windrow to the center of the street, blow the snow into trucks, and haul it away. Windrows made of snow are also called berms or more commonly, snow banks.

A windrow can also be the build-up of material on the edge of newly graded earthworks and dirt roads, or it can be a heap of road-building material laid down by a dump truck for collection by a paving machine.

Windrows of seaweed etc also form on the surface of lakes or seas due to cylindrical Langmuir circulation just under the surface caused by the action of the wind.

Windrows are often used in large scale vermicomposting systems.

History

The Snow Foundation is a response to the long association the Snow family has had with the Canberra region, dating back to 1926 when E.R. Snow, the founders’ grandfather, came to Canberra to establish the Capital’s first general store.

The Foundation is the creation of brothers Terry and George Snow who set it up in 1990 with the aim of helping those individuals and organisations that freely gave their time to help the less fortunate live fulfilling lives.Starting with an initial contribution of $1 million, the Foundation has provided financial help to a diverse range of organisations throughout Canberra and the surrounding region.

In 1997 Terry added a further $500,000 to the Foundation, and in 2005 added a further $1 million to enable it to maintain and set up further activities. Since then, he has given substantive donations to the Foundation, meaning the capital value of the Foundation exceeded $3 million in 1997.

In the 15 years since it was established, The Snow Foundation has reached out to help more than 80 different organisations and individuals. The Foundation does not give ‘blanket’ donations but help with the funding of a specific program/treatment/equipment.

Products

Premiere, N2000, N3000, N5000, and more than 30 other passenger car and light truck tires.

By design, the weight on the front and rear axles differs which causes uneven wear. With the majority of cars being front-engine cars, the front axle typically has more of the weight. For rear wheel drive vehicles, the weight distribution between front and back approaches 50:50. Front wheel drive vehicles also have the
differential in front, adding to the weight with a typical weight distribution of no better than 60:40. This means, all else being equal, the front tires wear out at almost twice the rate of the rear wheels, especially when factoring the additional stress that braking puts on the front tires. Thus, tire rotation needs to occur more frequently for front-wheel drive vehicles.

Turning the vehicle will cause uneven tire wear. The outside, front tire is worn disproportionately. Cloverleaf interchanges and parking ramps turn right in right hand drive countries, causing the left front tire to be worn faster than the right front. Furthermore, right turns are tighter than left turns, also causing more tire wear. Conversely the sidewalls on the right tire tends to be bumped and rubbed against the curb while parking the vehicle, causing asymmetric sidewall wear. The symmetric opposite occurs in countries that drive on the left.

In addition, mechanical problems in the vehicle may cause uneven tire wear. The wheels need to be aligned with each other and the vehicle. The wheel that is out of alignment will tend to be dragged along by the other wheels, causing uneven wear in that tire. If the alignment is such that the vehicle tends to turn, the driver will correct by steering against the tendency. In effect the vehicle is constantly turning, causing uneven tire wear. Also, if a tire is under or over-inflated, it will wear differently than the other tires on the vehicle. Rotating will not help in this case and the inflation needs to be corrected.

Manufacturers will recommend tire rotation frequency and pattern. Depending on the specifics of the vehicle tire rotation may be recommended every 12,000 km (7,500 mi). The rotation pattern is typically moving the back wheels to the front and the front to the back but crossing them when moving to the back. If the tires are unidirectional, the rotation can only be rotated front to back on the same side of the vehicle to preserve the rotational direction of the tires. Most unidirectional tires can be moved from side to side if they are remounted; tires with asymmetric rims are a rare exception. More complex rotation patterns are required if the vehicle has a full-size spare tire that is part of the rotation or if there are snow tires.

Current thinking stresses the desirability of keeping the best tires on the rear wheels of the vehicle, whether it is front or rear drive. The reason for this is that if the rear wheels lose grip before the front ones, an oversteer condition will occur, which is harder to control than the corresponding understeer which will happen if a front wheel is lost. This is also the case if a tire blows out, so the intuitive belief that the front steering/driving tires need to be the best quality is not actually the case.

In rare cases, automobile manufacturers may recommend performing no tire rotation at all (eg BMW MINI).

The novel portrays the tensions surrounding the build up to war and the sense of catastrophe so widespread in the 1930s.

Footnotes

Tire manufacture

It runs three manufacturing facilities in South Korea and three in China. Kumho Tire exports tires from Korea and China worldwide and has a global network of sales organizations. It has three centers for research and development, with the largest in Gwangju, South Korea. The others are in Akron, Ohio, USA and Birmingham, UK, and service the US and European tire markets respectively. The company manufactures a full range of tires under the Kumho and Marshal brands.

Snow chains are paired into 2 sets of chains. You should buy chains that match your tire size (tire width and radius numbers can be found printed on the tire).

A set of chains are placed on the wheels that are connected to the drive train in order to gain traction in icey, snowy or muddy conditions.

Front Wheel Vehicles:
Most passenger cars are front wheel powered vehicles, so the snow chains would be placed on the 2 front tires.

Rear Wheel Vehicles:
Pickup trucks and older cars are usually rear wheeled drive so the chains are placed on the rear tires.

4 Wheel Vehicles:
4 wheel vehicles can use 2 sets of chains on all 4 wheels. With only 1 set of chains they are often put on the rear wheels, but can be placed on the front wheels instead for the added steering benefit.

In snowy conditions, transportation authorities often require snow chains to be fitted on vehicles that lack four-wheel drive and proper tires. These requirements are usually enforced by checkpoints, before which eligible drivers must have snow-chains fitted on their cars. Near such checkpoints, chains can often be fitted professionally for a fee. Snow chains limit the speed of the automobile to approximately 30 mph (50 km/h), but in deep snow the chains can be very useful.

Purchasing the right size chains for your tires

U.S. tires have standardized sizing information. This information can be found on the sidewalls of the tires. The first letter(s) is for the vehicle type, P for passenger, LT for light truck. The next 3 digit number gives the tire’s width in millimeters. The next 2 digit number gives the tire’s height to width ratio. The next letter is R, which stands for radial ply tires (not radius) followed by the last 2 digit number, which is the rim diameter for the vehicle’s wheels.

The term may also be applied to a row of any other material such as snow[1]. In the case of snow, windrows are created by snow plows as they plow streets. The windrow may block driveways. Some municipalities have windrow removal service where a smaller plow goes to each individual driveway to clear the windrow. Most cities simply make the home owner clear the windrow to their own driveway.
A few cities will plow the windrow to the center of the street, blow the snow into trucks, and haul it away. Windrows made of snow are also called berms or more commonly, snow banks.

A windrow can also be the build-up of material on the edge of newly graded earthworks and dirt roads, or it can be a heap of road-building material laid down by a dump truck for collection by a paving machine.

Windrows of seaweed etc also form on the surface of lakes or seas due to cylindrical Langmuir circulation just under the surface caused by the action of the wind.

Windrows are often used in large scale vermicomposting systems.

Production car tires typically develop this maximum lateral force at a slip angle of 6-10 degrees, although this angle increases as the vertical load on the tire increases. Milliken, W.F., Milliken, D.L., 1995, “Race Car Vehicle Dynamics”, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Warrendale, PA. page 27. Formula 1 car tires may reach a peak sideforce at 3 degrees Wright P., 2001, “Formula 1 Technology”, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Warrendale, PA.

Example

As an example, here is data extracted from Milliken and Milliken’s “Race Car Vehicle Dynamics”, figure 2.9:

The same sensitivity is typically seen in the longitudinal forces, and combined lateral and longitudinal slip.

Methodology

The wear on tires that are being tested (”candidate tires”) is compared to the wear of Course Monitoring Tires (CMT), which are sold by the NHTSA at its UTQG test facility in San Angelo, Texas. Both types of tires are mounted on vehicles that will be driven in a convoy during the test, thus ensuring that the candidate tires and the CMT tires experience the same road conditions. The convoy, typically one of four or fewer vehicles, will drive 7200 miles on public roads in West Texas. Candidate tire wear will be checked during and after the test, and compared to the wear on the CMT tires from the same convoy.

The first CMTs were commercially-available Goodyear Custom Steelguards, and Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company produced all CMT tires from 1975 until 1984. From 1984 to 1991, the CMT tires were produced by Uniroyal. CMT tires are now “specially designed and built to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard E1136 to have particularly narrow limits of variability.” 1.

Treadwear Grade Number

The treadwear grade describes how long the tire manufacturer expects the tire to last. A Course Monitoring Tire (the standard tire that a test tire will be compared to) has a rating of “100″. If a manufacturer assigns a treadwear rating of 200 to a new tire, they are indicating that they expect the new tire to have a useful lifespan that is 200% of the life of a Course Monitoring Tire.

Limitations

The DOT does not test tires. It depends on manufacturers to test their own tires and report the results. Unfortunately, this system has made treadwear ratings far less useful than the DOT had originally intended because tire manufacturers are able to use the treadwear grade as a marketing tool.

It is legal and permissible for a manufacturer to give their tire a 240 rating when their competitor’s equivalent tire has a 220 rating; thus creating the false impression that the 240 tire is a better purchase because it will last longer. This tendency to inflate treadwear numbers has become so common that some manufacturers may report that ALL their tires have above average treadwear grades. Some are taking normal tires and reporting a treadwear of 600 or more, or giving a 220 rating to maximum performance tires with a reputation for poor tire life (e.g. the Goodyear Eagle F1 Supercar EMT).

TreadWear Grade

Below 200=15% of Tires

201 - 300=25% of Tires

301 - 400=32% of Tires

401 - 500=20% of Tires

501 - 600=6% of Tires

above 600=2% of Tires

Source: safercars.gov

Trends

In general, manufacturers tend to overstate the treadwear of their tires in an effort to create the impression that their tires last a long time. The exception to this is in competition racing tires, which customers expect to have very soft rubber compounds and very short lifespans. Manufacturers tend to give their race tires low treadwear numbers (often zero) to emphasize how soft and sticky their rubber is.

Uses

The ability of manufacturers to report their own numbers makes comparison of treadwear ratings between companies useless. Ratings may still be useful within a manufacturer’s own line of tires. For example, a customer can reasonably assume that the higher treadwear rating on a Dunlop SP 60 means it will last longer than the Dunlop SP Sport.

Along with the snowman, it is one of the two structures commonly built by children out of snow.

Snow structures made for sleeping are called igloos when made from snow blocks and quinzhees when made by hollowing out a pile of snow.

Variations

Snow forts consist of walls of piled and compacted snow. They may be “open” or “closed”, that is, a person in the snow fort may be completely surrounded by the walls on all sides, there may be a “door”, or the person may be completely exposed except in one direction. The last variation is used for snowball fights where opponents have forts facing each other and attack exclusively from their own fort. Existing structures such as the walls or concave corners of a building can be used as part of the snow fort, allowing for faster and easier construction. A snow fort can also be a tunneled-out burrow built in a large snow drift.

Snow forts are usually at least knee-height and one-roomed. Forts built for snowball fights may be higher, and ones built for “house” may have lower walls and multiple rooms. When used for snowball fights, snow forts often have sections where the wall is lower, through which the occupants throw snowballs.

In Popular Culture

The Backyardigans episode “The Snow Fort” has Mounties defending an elaborate version of such a fort while members of the ski patrol try to get in.

Unlike snowballs made by people, snow rollers are typically cylindrical in shape, and are often hollow since the inner layers, which are the first layers to form, are weak and thin compared to the outer layers and can easily be blown away, leaving what looks like a doughnut or jelly roll. Snow rollers have been seen to grow as large as two feet in diameter.

The following conditions are needed for snow rollers to form:

• The ground must be covered by a layer of ice that snow will not stick to.
• The layer of ice must be covered by wet, loose snow with a temperature near the melting point of water.
• The wind must be strong enough to move the snow rollers, but not strong enough to blow them too fast.
• Alternatively, gravity can move the snow rollers as when a snowball, such as those that will fall from a tree or cliff, lands on steep hill and begins to roll down the hill.

Because of this last condition, snow rollers are more common in hilly areas. However, the precise nature of the conditions required makes them a very rare phenomenon.

A Snow Advisory is issued by the National Weather Service of the United States when a low pressure system produces snow that may cause a significant pain in the ass, but does not meet warning criteria. The advisory criteria varies from area to area. Snow advisories are typically issued only when a storm system is expected to only produce snow in the advised area. Depending on the amount of snow that is expected, a Heavy Snow Warning can be issued for similar times, but when larger amounts of snow are expected. The exact border between a snow advisory and heavy snow warning varies throughout the country. If other forms of wintry precipitation are expected, then a Winter Weather Advisory or winter storm warning can be issued, also depending on the amount of precipitation that is expected.

In 1999, Snow won the amateur women’s boxing American Heavyweight title. She has gone on to have a prosperous career as a professional boxer, fighting and beating some of the top female fighters.

Snow has declared that she is gay [1]. However, she later backed off, announcing she would get married to a man.